如果您想为每个元素呈现居中文本，有一个更简单的方法：

Chart.helpers.each(meta.data.forEach(function (bar, index) {
    var centerPoint = bar.getCenterPoint();
    ctx.fillText(dataset.data[index], centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y));
}),this)

似乎'getCenterPoint'在版本2.1.3中不可用（您在示例中使用的）。我用 2.5.0 尝试过，它可以工作

将此代码添加到您的选项对象中：

animation: {
  onComplete: function () {
    var chartInstance = this.chart;
    var ctx = chartInstance.ctx;
    console.log(chartInstance);
    var height = chartInstance.controller.boxes[0].bottom;
    ctx.textAlign = "center";
    Chart.helpers.each(this.data.datasets.forEach(function (dataset, i) {
      var meta = chartInstance.controller.getDatasetMeta(i);
      Chart.helpers.each(meta.data.forEach(function (bar, index) {
        ctx.fillText(dataset.data[index], bar._model.x, height - ((height - bar._model.y) / 2));
      }),this)
    }),this);
  }
}

https://jsfiddle.net/h4p8f5xL/

更新2

用具有所需宽度和高度的容器包围画布

<div style="width: 100%; height: 500px">
    <canvas id="myChart" width="400" height="400"></canvas>
</div>

并将以下内容添加到您的选项对象中

// Boolean - whether or not the chart should be responsive and resize when the browser does.
responsive: true,
// Boolean - whether to maintain the starting aspect ratio or not when responsive, if set to false, will take up entire container
maintainAspectRatio: false,