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Docker 包含多种日志记录机制来帮助您从运行容器和服务中获取信息。这些机制被称为日志驱动程序。
每个 Docker 守护进程（daemon）都有一个默认日志记录驱动程序，每个容器使用该驱动程序，除非您将其配置为使用其他日志记录驱动程序
除了使用 Docker 附带的日志驱动程序之外，您还可以实现和使用日志驱动程序插件。记录驱动程序插件在 Docker 17.05和更高版本中可用。
配置默认记录驱动程序
要将 Docker 守护程序（daemon）配置为默认为特定的日志记录驱动程序，请将log-driver值设置为位于 Linux 主机/etc/docker/或 Windows 服务器主机上C:\ProgramData\docker\config\的daemon.json文件中的日志记录驱动程序的名称。默认日志记录驱动程序是json-file。以下示例显式地将默认日志记录驱动程序设置为syslog：
{ "log-driver": "syslog"}如果日志记录驱动程序具有可配置选项，则可以使用log-opts键将它们作为 JSON 数组设置在daemon.json文件中。以下示例在json-file日志记录驱动程序上设置两个可配置选项：
{ "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "labels": "production_status", "env": "os,customer" }}如果您不指定日志记录驱动程序，则默认为json-file。因此，JSON之类的命令的默认输出，诸如docker inspect <CONTAINER>。
要查找 Docker 守护程序（daemon）的当前默认日志记录驱动程序，请运行docker info并且搜索Logging Driver。您可以在 Linux，macOS 或在 Windows 上的 PowerShell 上使用以下命令：
$ docker info |grep 'Logging Driver'Logging Driver: json-file
配置容器的日志记录驱动程序
在启动容器时，可以使用--log-driver标志将其配置为使用与 Docker 守护程序（daemon）默认值不同的日志记录驱动程序。如果日志记录驱动程序具有可配置选项，则可以使用--log-opt <NAME>=<VALUE>标志的一个或多个实例来设置它们。即使容器使用默认的日志记录驱动程序，它也可以使用不同的可配置选项。
以下示例带有none日志驱动程序启动 Alpine 容器。
$ docker run -it --log-driver none alpine ash
要查找正在运行的容器的当前日志记录驱动程序，如果守护程序正在使用json-file日志记录驱动程序，请运行以下docker inspect命令，将容器名称或 ID 替换为<CONTAINER>：
$ docker inspect -f '{{.HostConfig.LogConfig.Type}}' <CONTAINER>json-file使用环境变量或标签与日志驱动程序
一些日志记录驱动程序将一个容器的--env|-e或--label多个标志的值添加到容器的日志中。本示例使用 Docker 守护程序（daemon）的默认日志记录驱动程序启动容器（让我们假设json-file），但设置环境变量os=ubuntu。
$ docker run -dit --label production_status=testing -e os=ubuntu alpine sh
如果日志记录驱动程序支持它，则会向日志输出添加其他字段。以下输出由json-file日志驱动程序生成：
"attrs":{"production_status":"testing","os":"ubuntu"}支持的日志驱动
支持以下日志记录驱动程序。如果适用，请参阅每个驱动程序文档的链接以了解其可配置选项。如果您使用的是日志驱动程序插件，则可能会看到更多选项。
驱动 | 描述 | |
|---|---|---|
none | 没有日志将可用于容器和码头日志不会返回任何输出。 | |
json-file | 日志格式为JSON。Docker的默认日志记录驱动程序。 | |
syslog | 将日志消息写入syslog工具。系统日志守护程序必须在主机上运行。 | |
journald | 将日志消息写入日记帐。journald守护程序必须在主机上运行。 | |
gelf | 将日志消息写入Graylog扩展日志格式（GELF）端点，如Graylog或Logstash。 | |
fluentd | 将日志消息写入fluentd（正向输入）。fluentd守护进程必须在主机上运行。 | |
awslogs | 将日志消息写入Amazon CloudWatch Logs。 | |
splunk | 使用HTTP事件收集器将日志消息写入splunk。 | |
etwlogs | 将日志消息写为Windows事件跟踪（ETW）事件。仅在Windows平台上可用。 | |
gcplogs | 将日志消息写入Google Cloud Platform（GCP）日志记录。 |
记录驱动程序的限制
docker logs命令不适用于除json-file和journald之外的其他驱动程序。